Landing Tutorial (New)

Updated 11/07/17
Every plane goes up and needs to come down, and that is the landing. In this tutorial, you will learn how to land.

Basic/Short Guide

Make sure you are aligned with the runway, and not too high or close to the runway such that you will need to descend at too high of a rate. An easy way to check this is to align the circle of your HUD (the vector indicator, A) onto the runway and check your vertical speed (B). If your vertical speed is over -1000 (feet per minute), then you are too high or close to the runway and your landing will not be smooth. 

Set flaps to 30 degrees. Use the vector indicator to guide your plane to the runway by aligning it with the runway, maintaining a speed of around 130-140 knots (for jets). Reduce thrust to 0 when 50 feet above runway, pull up slightly and touch down.

Detailed/Advanced Guide

Detailed labels of the HUD. Credits to Mark Denton.

From cruise altitude, descend down to 10,000 feet at a speed of 250 knots and a vertical speed of 2000-2300 feet per minute. More details on descent can be found here: http://www.infiniteflight.tk/2014/07/descent.html

Turn on:
1.Landing lights
2.Strobe lights

Descent Checklist
Rate of descent.......................1000-2000 feet per minute
Speed.....................................Below 250 KIAS
Landing lights...........................On
Seat belt sign...........................On

Upon reaching 10,000 feet, continue descending all the way down to 2000 or 3000 feet (depending on airport) at vertical speed of 1000-2000 feet per minute, at a speed of less than 240 knots.

Maintain 2000 feet until you have the runway in sight. Lower your flaps as you get closer to the airport. Set trim to 10%.

Approach Checklist

Speed...................................160-180 KIAS
Rate of descent......................1000 feet per minute
Runway..................................In sight
Flaps......................................3 (15 degrees)

Guide the plane towards the runway using the vector indicator by aligning it with the runway.

5 nautical miles from the airport, lower your landing gear and reduce speed to 130-160 knots. Make sure you have full flaps, and arm the spoilers. You are now on final approach.

At the 500 feet callout, your descent rate should be around 700 feet per minute, no more than 1000.

At 100 feet callout, slowly lower your power to 0%. On 50 callout, gently bring the nose up and touchdown. On touchdown, lower the nose gently and apply reverse thrust until 60 knots. Use breaks at 90 knots.

When the speed reaches 20 knots( Maximum taxiing speed), turn brakes off, reverse thrust off and start taxiing to the gate, close Flaps to 0, spoilers off and park at gate.

Landing Checklist
Landing..................................Confirmed
Autopilot go around altitude....Set
Trim.......................................As needed
Landing gear...........................Down
Flaps.......................................4 (30 degrees)
Rate of descent.......................500-700 feet per minute
Spoilers..................................Armed

Shutdown Checklist
Lights......................................Off
Seat belt signs..........................Off
Parking break..........................Set
Flaps.......................................Up
Trim........................................0%

You have successfully landed and parked your plane!

Tips and tricks:

1. Common upon new players is that on touchdown, the plane bounces up and down, or the nose is pointing down on landing. This is usually because the plane is going too fast and/or descending too rapidly. Make sure you are around 140 knots on landing and your vertical speed is less than 800 feet per minute.

2. Practise makes perfect! Keep practising landing, and also experiment; you will get better.

3. You can use autopilot to maintain your speed. Simply tap on the SPD button and adjust the sped.

4. Watch videos of people landing.

Happy flying! If you have any questions, feel free to let us know.

Autopilot Tutorial

To the left is the autopilot in Infinite Flight: the five buttons of SPD (speed), HDG (heading), ALT (altitude), VS (vertical speed) and A/P (autopilot).

The main use of the autopilot is when manual control is not needed, the autopilot controls the aircraft automatically based on the settings inputted.

Speed, or  Autothrottle
This aspect of the autopilot controls the speed. This mode will try its best to reach the airspeed, if there isn't enough power available, the airspeed might not ever be reached.

Heading
This aspect of the autopilot controls the heading of the aircraft. If you turn it on and inputted a different heading than your current one, it will turn your aircraft for you. You can check your heading on the bottom bar, next to messages, in a format of xxx°

Altitude
This aspect of the autopilot does not do anything if you don't input anything into the vertical speed. Entering a number into altitude makes sure that your aircraft would stop descending or climbing once it reaches the aim. When first turned on, the ALT mode immediately tries to maintain the current altitude, this can cause control issues if the airplane is climbing or descending too rapidly. Make sure you set the ALT mode when the airplane climb rate is less than 500ft/min.

Vertical Speed
This aspect of the autopilot controls the rate of your climb or descent. Note that this mode may sometimes result in sudden input, resulting in a loss of control, or even a stall. This mode tries its best to reach the climb rate you inputted, but may make the aircraft stall if your speed is too low or the climb rate is too great. In this case, you should disengage the autopilot immediately.
How to recover from stall: http://www.infiniteflight.tk/2014/06/stall-recovery.html

Notes:

• You can engage only one aspect of the autopilot by just pressing either SPD, HDG, or VS.
• If you press the A/P button when the autopilot is off, the autopilot input is automatically set to your current state.
• Effective use of the autopilot is shown here: http://www.infiniteflight.tk/2014/10/full-flight-tutorial.html
• The autopilot may put the aircraft into an out of control state. In this case, the autopilot should be disengaged immediately.
• As there is no autopilot ILS system yet, it is not recommended to land with the autopilot. The speed autopilot can be on however.

Flight Planning

A flight plan from YSSY to YSRI (Sydney to Richmond)

Flight planning is a simple yet compulsory piece of information you need to know. It is necessary to complete full flights.In this tutorial, I will tell you how to make a flight plan.

1. Start up a flight, and switch to the page "map".
2. On the bottom right corner, press the button until it changes to 'MAP FPL"
3. Zoom in to your current aircraft location. You will notice some triangles. These triangles are called 'waypoints' and they are legs for a flight plan. Press on your current airport, and press 'Add to FPL' (flight plan). In some cases, it would be more accurate to press on the triangle your aircraft is on, and add that to your flight plan instead of your starting airport.
4. Decide an arrival airport. Make sure it is suited for your aircraft.
5. Now, from your current location, add waypoints to your arrival airport. Make sure the airport is your last flight plan item.

Notes

• Make sure each turn is not too steep. 45 degrees is the maximum.
• Keep in mind when in high altitude, your turns will be slower.
• Make sure you are well alligned with the arrival runway not too late.
• On your bottom information bar, there would be many information displayed. The last item is 'BRG' (bearing), and this typically instructs on which heading your aircraft should be at.
• The autopilot does not follow your flight plan. You will need to adjust the heading yourself on the autopilot panel.
• Make sure to check the map often, and be sure you are on the right flight path. You should start descending the aircraft halfway throughout your flight, at a verticle speed of up to 2400feet/min.

Any questions, make sure to leave a comment and we will get back to you as soon as possible.

Post by: Michael Chen

Full Flight Tutorial

 Checklists: http://www.infiniteflight.tk/p/checklists.html
 Multiplayer guide: http://www.infiniteflight.tk/2014/10/infinite-flight-live.html

A full flight is when you take off from one airport, and land at another. This is vital for Infinite Flight multiplayer. This tutorial is designed for multiplayer help, but can also be used for single player. Most information here is relevant for jets.

Pre-Flight
Decide your destination airport. Make sure it is a suitable airport; you have enough standing to go there, and it is big enough for your aircraft. Then, create a flight plan to that airport.
Flight plan tutorial: http://www.infiniteflight.tk/p/flight-planning.html

Taxi
Now you are ready to taxi. Inform ATC unicom. In your settings, make sure you have auto tiller off (turn on the ground by tilting your device. This is not recommended) . Set flaps to 10-15. (depending on aircraft type) Then pushback, using the rudder to steer. Try to follow the taxi lines, and taxi to and hold short of your takeoff runway. If you don't know what runway it is, go to your map and zoom in to see the runway number.

Taxi Checklist
No smoking..........................On
Strobe lights..........................On
Flaps.....................................Set
Flight controls........................Checked
ATC.......................................Informed

Take Off
Now that you are holding short, you are ready for take off. Inform ATC. Make sure no aircrafts are going to land on your runway. Then, go through the before take off checklist.

Before Take-off Checklist
Nav lights.............................On
Beacon lights........................On
Landing lights........................On
Autopilot settings...................Set
Take off trim.........................10%
Seat belt sign.........................On
ATC.......................................Informed

Taxi on to the runway. Once alligned, apply 90% power for take off. On your take off speed, gently lift off. On positive climb, gear up.
For jets: 180 knots: flaps 5  200 knots: flaps 1   220 knots: flaps up

After Take-off Checklist to the Line
Throttle.................................Climb
Pitch.....................................__ degrees
Flaps....................................__
 Autopilot..............................Set
Landing gear.........................Up

Crosswind takeoff: http://www.infiniteflight.tk/2014/05/crosswind-landing.html

In Flight
Follow the flight plan by entering in the heading (bottom right of the information bar, next to BRG) into the autopilot panel. The altitude depends on your flight, but you should descend halfway throughout your flight.

After Take-off Checklist Below the Line
Pitch.....................................5-10 degrees
Flaps....................................Retracted
Trim.....................................0%
Autopilot..............................On
Seat belt sign........................Off
Landing lights.......................Off
Strobe lights.........................Off

Descent
Halfway throught your flight, descend to 2000 feet (for most flights) and a rate of 2000feet/min. When you are relatively close to your destination, inform ATC that you are inbound for landing. Maintain 2000 feet until you have the runway in sight.

Detailed guide: http://www.infiniteflight.tk/2014/07/descent.html

Descent Checklist
Rate of descent.......................1000-2000 feet per minute
Speed.....................................Below 250 KIAS
Landing lights...........................On
Seat belt sign...........................On
Landing briefing.......................Confirmed

Landing
Landing tutorial: http://www.infiniteflight.tk/2014/05/landing-tutorial.html
Crosswind landing tutorial: http://www.infiniteflight.tk/2014/05/crosswind-landing.html
Make sure you inform ATC that you are on final.

Approach Checklist
Speed...................................160-180 KIAS
Rate of descent......................1000 feet per minute
Runway..................................In sight
Flaps......................................3 (15 degrees)

Landing Checklist
Landing..................................Confirmed
Autopilot go around altitude....Set
Trim.......................................As needed
Landing gear...........................Down
Flaps.......................................4 (30 degrees)
Rate of descent.......................500-700 feet per minute
Spoilers..................................Armed

Touchdown Checklist
Thrust reversers.......................On
Spoilers...................................Deployed
Brakes.....................................On
At 60 knots..............................Thrust reversers off, spoilers up

If your landing is going badly and you need to go around: http://www.infiniteflight.tk/2014/05/how-to-execute-go-around-missed-approach.html

Post Flight
Taxi off the runway, do not exceed 35 knots. Inform ATC you are clear of all runways. Taxi to a terminal and then parking spot.

Shutdown Checklist
Lights......................................Off
Seat belt signs..........................Off
Parking break..........................Set
Flaps.......................................Up
Trim........................................0%

Afterwards, you can end flight. Congratuslations, you have complted a full flight! If you find this tutorial helpful, please share and +1 so more people can visit this website.

Videos
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YBtSEHyM_a0&list=UUJk7kI0hfLnnGuHdzt5SQRg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tOQW7NzI0z4&list=UUJk7kI0hfLnnGuHdzt5SQRg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0-Mt5we_7UM&list=UUJk7kI0hfLnnGuHdzt5SQRg

Descent

Holden Riley has left a very informative comment about descending! Thank you very much, Riley, for sharing.

For planning your descent, there are two simple equations that you can use to get you almost all the way there and work every time if you do the calculations right. You can usually use the cruising period to do them and it is really helpful to have a pencil and paper, and maybe a calculator if necessary.

1. Rate of descent or VS: Take your GS, the speed that you are going while you are cruising, and multiply it by five. If you cruise at 360 kts, your VS should be 1,800 fpm and if you cruise at 150 kts, your VS should be at 750 fpm.
(If you're flying an airliner, your VS should be lowered to 1,000 fpm once you are below 5,000 feet and then adjusted accordingly until it's around 600-700 for the glide slope on final approach.)

2. Distance of descent start. It's important to figure out how far away from the airport you have to be when you begin your descent, that way you don't over shoot the airport and have to go around. To calculate the distance needed is easy, you just take your cruise altitude, divide it by 1,000 and multiply by 3. If you cruise at 30,000 feet, then 30,000/1,000= 30, and 30x3=90, you begin your descent when you are 90 miles from the airport. 20,000 is 60 miles, 15,000 is 45, and 10,000 is 30. (The part that you might need a calculator for is looking at your flight plan counting the miles and figuring out where that point is, so you can begin your descent at the right place. That part also takes the longest time to calculate so make sure you have enough time to do it. It would also be smart to write down so you won't forget it.)

A perfect approach is difficult to achieve but this will certainly help you out.

Also in a descent and approach, these are the specific Airline based guidelines followed by professional pilots around the world:
10,000 ft: landing lights, strobe lights, and nav lights on. Flaps retracted. Airspeed between 200 and 250 kts.
8,000 ft: Flaps between 1 and 5 degrees.
5,000 ft: Flaps between 10 and 20 degrees. Airspeed between 190 and 225 kts. 1,000 fpm VS.
2,500 ft: Flaps between 20 and 26 degrees. Airspeed between 185 and 195 kts.
When you are five miles out, gear should be down, flaps should be fully extended, and spoilers should be armed.
On the glide slope: (if you have the visual boxes for help on final approach, that is where the glide slope starts.) Depending on your weight and weather conditions, you should be going between 145 and 165 kts. Trim should be as required. The autopilot should be disengaged except for heading, unless you have crosswind, then the whole thing should be off. Autopilot should have these settings but should not be armed; SPD 200, HDG (between 0 and 359), ALT 6,000, VS 2500. If all goes well you wont need any of those settings. The thrust levers should be manually holding you at your approach speed, but when the call out computer announces that you are at 20 feet, you should bring them back to idle (0%) and flare. Wait until the nose gear is on the ground before adjusting to the center line, and applying reverse thrust. At 60 kts, reduce thrust to 50% and wait for the auto shutoff. DO NOT USE BRAKES, those are for parking only.

Taxiing: Use the rudders to turn, never use engine power to taxi unless you are heading against wind and the plane will not budge or is having trouble turning. Remember, 25 knots to drive, 10 knots to turn.

WARNING: Autopilot should never be used to slow the plane down by more than 10 kts. Bring the thrust levers down to 20% to 25% with the auto-throttle off and put spoilers in flight mode if you have to. Then rearm the auto-throttle when you are at your speed. Make only small adjustments and make sure the spoilers are closed when the auto-throttle is in use.

Stall Recovery

An aircraft in a deep stall.

A stall is when you lose too much speed, or your angle of attack is too high and you start falling out of a sky. A way to recognize you are stalling is when you nose is up, but you are descending dangerously fast. Usually, a stall alarm would sound. Causes of stalls include: nose angle too high, speed too low.
In this tutorial, I will tell you how to recover from a stall.








Smaller Aircrafts
(Cessna, cirrus, F-14)

1. First, before we do the recovery procedures, we must do a few checks. Make sure the autopilot is off. Make sure your flaps are up, and your gear is up. This is to make sure there is no drag when in the process of recovering.
2. Push forwards, and point your nose down to a 15 degrees position. Apply full power, and apply full right rudder. This is to lower your rate of descent. 
3. Once your speed is up to a safe level, slowly pull up and level off.

Larger Aircrafts

(Boeing, airbus, CRJ, Embraer)

1. First, make sure that your gear is up, your flaps are up, and your speedbrakes (spoilers) are down. This is to make sure the aircraft is as streamline as possible, and no drag is present to interfere with our recovery procedures. Also make sure the autopilot is fully disengaged.
2. Push forwards, and point your nose down to a 10 degree position. Apply full power. Use full right rudder if necessary.
3. Once your speed is up to a safe level, slowly pull up and level off.

Stall Checklist

Autopilot: OFF

Flaps: UP

Gear: UP

Speedbrakes: RETRACTED

Trim: OFF

After Stall Checklist

Speed: CHECKED
Flight Plan: SET

ATC: NOTIFIED

~Michael Chen

Site administrator and designer, captain at Emirates Virtual Airlines

Crosswind TakeOff

This is the crosswind take off tutorial. In this part you will learn how to make a crosswind take-off even in the hardest ones.

Step 1:

Align on the runway. Open flaps 15 (Depends on aircraft and length of the runway), Strobe lights and landing lights on.

Step 2:

Check the direction of the wind. 

Now There are 3 types main of wind blowing:

• Wind coming from the front to the back of the aircraft. In this one, you should open flaps more and increase the speed so that you can take-off. 

• Wind coming from the back to the front of the aircraft. Here you should open flaps 1, and increase speed to N1= 90% and pull nose slowly up. 

• Wind coming from Left or Right of the aircraft. Now this is the difficult one! :p

But all you need to do is, flaps normal and speed increased normally. When you reach V1, Slowly apply the rudder against the wind  and when you pull up the nose, apply the rudder against the wind and keep going straight from the runway till you reach 3000Ft. Slowly and gently release rudder.

Video tutorial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StRtwACrItQ

Crosswind Landing:

This is the difficult part, but we will help you to perform that. This takes a lot of practice. :)

First of all, you must create a crosswind. Go into weather settings, and turn up the wind velocity.

Step 1:

When you have made your descent from 35,000ft to 10,000 Ft, Landing lights and strobe lights are on, continue to descent to 4000 Ft and maintain below 240Knots.

Step 2: 

At 4000 Ft, Flaps 1... Turn towards runway, at a speed of 200 knots. Maintain 3000 feet until runway is in sight. 

Slow down to 160 knots once you are about 7 nm away from airport. 5nm away from airport, gear down. You should follow the ILS (the circle) and make it align with the runway. Use the small circle in the centre, which estimates your path, and make it align with teh runway.

Step 3: 

At 50 feet, use the rudder against the wind, pull the nose up, reduce speed. On touchdown, hold the rudder, then slowly release it and align yourself with the runway centreline.

Step 4:

Apply reverse thrust, push slowly nose down, spoilers should be armed and flaps Full. When you reach 60 Knots, brakes On and Lose speed from 60 to 20 knots!

Step 5:

Go taxiing at 20 Knots and park plane at gate! 

This is how to make a crosswind landing!

^_^

Take Off Tutorial

A Boeing 777 taking off from YSSY

In this tutorial, we will show you how to pushback, line at the runway and finally leave the ground and climb to 10,000 Feet.

Basic/Short Guide
Hold on pages and slide to systems, and press on pushback. Once at a point where you can taxi, using the rudder, steer your aircraft to and onto the runway. Turn flaps to 15 degrees. Slowly turn up the throttle up to 90% while lining up with the runway, and at 140 knots, pull up gently to 15 degrees, climbing at 3000 feet per minute).

Detailed Step by Step Guide

Step 1:

Select a parking position in an airport. Once it is loaded, hold on 'pages' and slide to 'systems', Beacon lights On.

Step 2:

Press on pushback. Using the rudder, turn to a point where you can taxi to the runway. Then stop the pushback, Brakes On.

Step 3:

Release the breaks, and put on 20% power, maximum taxi speed 20 knots. Now, taxi to the runway of your choice. You have now completed pushback, and taxi, and is ready for take off.

Step 4:

When you are at the runway, Open Flaps 15 (depending on your aircraft)

Step 5:

Throttle up slowly, and gently, until the 'N1' (on top of the throttles) goes up to 90%. At your aircrafts vR (rotation/take off speed. Varies between aircrafts, usually 145 knots):

Step 6:

Gently pull up on the yoke, and pitch up to 15 degrees, climbing at 3000 feet per minite.

Step 7:

At 4000 feet, you can activate the autopilot. And keep Climbing till you reach 10,000Ft and then Landing Lights, Strobe Lights and seatbelt Sign Off.

Tips and Tricks
If you find your aircraft drifting when taking off, this is probably due to a crosswind. You can find our crosswind take off tutorial here: http://www.infiniteflight.tk/2014/05/crosswind-takeoff.html
Make sure to keep an eye on your vertical speed to make sure you are not climbing too steeply, which can result in a stall. If you find you are climbing too fast, ie. vertical speed of 5000 ft/min, then you can should push forwards.
Also keep an eye on your airspeed, exceeding the 250 knots speed limit (under 10,000ft) is surprisingly easy. If you find you are overspeeding, then lower your throttle or pull up to increase your rate of climb.

Happy flights!

An airbus A330 pushing back

Landing Tutorial:

New and improved landing tutorial: http://www.infiniteflight.tk/2016/02/landing-tutorial-new.html

Every plane goes up and needs to come down and that's the landing.. In this we will show you how to descend from 10,000 Ft to 3000 Ft and then touch the ground:

Step 1:

When you have made your descent to 10,000 Ft,

Turn on;

1. Landing Lights

2. Strobe lights. 

And use the Autopilot VS (Vertical Speed) to descend with a VS of 1200-2000 depending on aircraft to 3000 feet.(for most airports)

Step 2:

When you have reached 5000 Ft, VS should be 1000 and turn Flaps 1(2 or 5 degrees depending aircraft) with speed below 240 Knots. Maintain 3000 feet until runway in sight.

5 nautical miles away from the airport, put the gear down. Confirm landing, and decrease speed to 160 knots and flaps full. Now arm the spoilers.

Step 3:

When you hear 50ft callout, slowly pull the nose up and decrease speed.

Step 4:

When touch, gently push the nose down and apply reverse thrust and spoilers will automatically deploy brakes On. Stop reverse thrusts at 60 knots.

Step 5:

When the speed reaches 20 knots( Maximum taxiing speed), brakes Off, reverse thrust Off and start taxiing to the gate, close Flaps to 0, spoilers Off and park at gate.  

You have successfully land and park your plane. :D